1/4/2024 0 Comments New testament original text![]() ![]() TGNT: 2017 The Greek New Testament by Tyndale House.NU: Both Nestle-Aland and the United Bible Society.NA28: 2012 Nestle-Aland Greek New Testament.WH: 1881 Westcott-Hort Greek New Testament.Tisch: 1872 Tischendorf’s Greek New Testament.Treg: 1857-1879 Samuel Prideaux Tregelles Greek New Testament.Gries: 1774-1775 Johann Jakob Griesbach Greek New Testament.Maj: The Majority Text (thousands of minuscules which display a similar text).Byz RP: 2005 Byzantine Greek New Testament, Robinson & Pierpont.Major Critical Texts of the New Testament ![]() The text itself represents all the choices of its editors for every variation unit (q.v.) in the text. This format, which is a collation (q.v.), is the most practical way to provide the user a convenient source providing a great deal of textual information for making textual decisions. To be legitimate, the readings must consistent mainly of alternatives found in ancient manuscripts, which usually include ancient versions (translations) and citations in the church fathers. In this book, we have sometimes used the terminology “witness of x or y manuscript” to distinguish the content in this way.Ĭritical Edition or Critical Text: any biblical text in the original language that includes a legitimate apparatus of variant readings linked to the text. However, the only way to reference the “witness” is by referring to the manuscript or fragment that contains it. Strictly speaking “witness” (see below) will only refer to the content of a given manuscript or fragment, which it predates to a greater or lesser extent. One should also note that the terms “manuscript” and “witness” may appear to be used interchangeably in this context. Such variations may be considered individually, or as elements of a single reading. Setting the limits and range of a variation unit is sometimes difficult or even controversial because some variant readings affect others nearby. ![]() Variation units are the places in the text where manuscripts disagree, and each variation unit has at least two variant readings. It is important to distinguish variation units from variant readings. Variation Unit: any portion of text that exhibits variations in its reading between two or more different manuscripts. Variant readings are also called alternate readings. Variant Reading(s): differing versions of a word or phrase found in two or more manuscripts within a variation unit (see below). One hundred and thirty-nine Greek NT papyri and five majuscules date from 110 C.E. When we look at the Greek copies of the New Testament books, some portions are within decades of the original author’s book. Some of the Latin classics are dated from three to seven hundred years after the time the author wrote the book. In the Greek classics, some of the manuscripts are dated to about a thousand years after the author had penned the book. The other difference between the New Testament manuscripts and those of the classics is that the existing copies of the New Testament date much closer to the originals. The New Testament Compared to Classical Literature However, for the New Testament, over 5,898 Greek New Testament manuscripts have been cataloged, 10,000 Latin manuscripts, and an additional 9,300 other manuscripts in such languages as Syriac, Slavic, Gothic, Ethiopic, Coptic, and Armenian. Some ancient Greek and Latin classics are based on one existing manuscript, while with others, there are just a handful and a few exceptions that have a few hundred available. This gives New Testament textual scholars vastly more to work within establishing the original words of the text. Why? If we fail to establish what was originally authored with reasonable certainty, how can we do a translation or even interpret what we think is the actual Word of God? We are fortunate that there are far more existing New Testament manuscripts today than any other book from ancient history. ![]() It is the process of attempting to ascertain the original wording of a text. Its primary focus is studying the textual variants in the New Testament.Ĭhristian Bible students need to be familiar with Old and New Testament textual criticism as essential foundational studies. New Testament Textual Criticism (sometimes called lower criticism) is the study of copies of New Testament documents whose original no longer survives. ![]()
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